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<div class=TRS_Editor><p align="justify">　　新華社南昌２月１９日電（記者袁慧晶）“咚－咚－咚咚咚－鏘。”淩晨３點，７４歲的余加久在熟悉的村道上敲響了他的“老夥計”——木更和銅鑼，這是當夜最後一更。</p> <p align="justify">　　打更是古代中國民間的一種夜間報時制度，兼具提醒居民防火、防盜的作用，並由此產生了一種巡夜的職業——打更人。隨著社會生活的發展，打更人逐漸成為熒幕上的形象。</p> <p align="justify">　　但在“中國最美鄉村”江西婺源縣，這一傳統延續至今。余加久所在的沱川鄉理坑村打更習俗已傳承６００年。老人如今是村裏唯一的打更人，已經打更３０多年。</p> <p align="justify">　　“傳下來的習俗是臘月初一開更，連打三個月，一夜三更。晚上９時為一更，２４時為二更，淩晨３時為三更。”余加久告訴記者，無論颳風下雨，打更人每天都會準時出更。</p> <p align="justify">　　理坑村是中國歷史文化名村，至今保留著明清官宅１２０余棟。這些老宅子所在區域都在余加久的重點夜巡路線上。一般他從村頭出發，一趟走下來需要一個半小時。</p> <p align="justify">　　“我１７歲開始跟著父親學習打更，打更已經成為我生命的一部分。一天不打，渾身難受。”余加久一說起打更，渾濁的老眼都有了神采。</p> <p align="justify">　　——“銅鑼有講究，遇十字路口必須要敲響，第一更敲２下，第二更敲３下，第三更敲４下。遇上可疑之人，我會把鑼重擊兩下，讓大家提防。”</p> <p align="justify">　　——“以前砂石路不好走，下雨下雪形成了坑，經常會跌倒；現在是水泥路，只要走偏僻角落的時候注意些就好。”</p> <p align="justify">　　——“我現在帶的是頭燈，不用手提著還特別亮；以前用的是土燈籠，要防風還得拿著。”</p> <p align="justify">　　——“前兩年在打二更的時候，遇見過村民廚房著火的事。當時我狂敲銅鑼，叫醒村民來救火，這才沒造成太大損失。”</p> <p align="justify">　　“這些年村民都聽習慣打更聲了，有人還開玩笑說聽不到更聲睡不踏實。”理坑村黨支部書記余新隆說，考慮到打更人的辛苦，村裏拿出一筆錢作為打更人的報酬。</p> <p align="justify">　　記者了解到，這幾年，理坑村的古村落風光吸引了大批美院師生來寫生。有的師生會慕名跑去余加久家中，見見這位最後的打更人，了解這門瀕臨失傳的民俗。</p> <p align="justify">　　“打更是老祖宗留下來的東西，對傳承古徽州文化很有意義。”余新隆說，另一方面，從實用性來說，提醒村民注意用火用電安全，加強對空巢老人的住所、危舊木房密集區的夜巡也很有必要。</p> <p align="justify">　　據悉，余加久是理坑村最後一位打更人。隨著老人的年齡增大，接班人也成為問題。婺源縣相關部門正在準備將打更申報非物質文化遺產。</p></div> </div> <p class="editor">[責任編輯：楊永青]</p>  <div id="pageNumber"> <script type="text/javascript"> createPageHTML(1, 0, "t20180223_11926376", "htm"); </script> </div>   <div id="relatedInfo"> <h3>相關內容</h3> <ul> <li><a href="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/culture.taiwan.cn/cul/201802/t20180223_11926370.htm" target="_blank" title="新書解密《圍城》創作往事">新書解密《圍城》創作往事</a></li> <li><a href="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/culture.taiwan.cn/cul/201802/t20180223_11926369.htm" target="_blank" title="重情誼才是真春節——民俗學者李漢秋談春節的“變”與“不變”">重情誼才是真春節——民俗學者李漢秋談春節的“變”與“不變”</a></li> <li><a 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