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<div class=TRS_Editor><p align="justify">　　中新網客戶端北京4月5日電(記者上官雲)“清明時節雨紛紛，路上行人欲斷魂。借問酒家何處有，牧童遙指杏花村。”多少年前，杜牧名作《清明》描摹清明節春雨中所見，余韻邈然，流傳至今。世人熟知，清明節的重要習俗有折柳、掃墓等，但可能很多人不知道，最開始這其實跟清明節沒什麼關係。</p> <p align="justify">　　要了解清明節的由來，就先要了解其他兩個節日：上巳節和寒食節。這三個節日的日期非常接近，一般都在農曆三月上旬。</p> <p align="justify">　　先說上巳節，它是中國最古老的節日之一，相傳源於紀念黃帝誕辰，也是祓禊的日子。魏晉以後，上巳節改為三月三，逐漸成為水邊飲宴、郊外遊春的節日。</p> <p align="justify">　　寒食節則一般在冬至後105天。它的起源還有一個傳說：春秋時代，晉公子重耳流亡途中，又累又餓無力前行，剛巧身處之地又渺無人煙，無奈之下，隨臣介子推從自己腿上割下一塊肉，煮湯獻給重耳。</p> <p align="justify">　　當重耳成為晉文公後，介子推沒有去邀功，而是攜母去山中隱居。晉文公堅持要請他出來表示答謝，於是放火從三面燒山，想逼其出山。但沒想到介子推最後同母親一起被燒死，也不為所動。晉文公慟哭不止，為了紀念介子推，下令將這一天定為寒食節。</p> <p align="justify">　　古代寒食節，需要禁煙火、只吃冷食，還要拜掃祭祖。漢代的寒食節，很多地方要禁火一個月，到了唐代，寒食節變成三天，分別叫大寒食、官寒食、小寒食。由於節俗的關係，寒食節氣氛一直顯得有些哀傷。</p> <p align="justify">　　而由於曆法演算法的關係，二十四節氣中的清明，與“小寒食”的日期重合率非常高。在節氣基礎上，清明節逐漸形成。最初，清明節主要習俗是踏青郊遊，節日內涵比較歡快。也就是說，清明節並不是個傷感的節日，而被稱作是中國古代的“狂歡節”：因為戶外娛樂活動非常多，且男女共同參與。</p> <p align="justify">　　不過，在相當長一段時期內，人們主要慶祝上巳節，寒食節與清明節存在感並不高。直到唐朝，蹴鞠等大量的娛樂活動加入，寒食節加清明節的節日組合迅速發展，逐步到了與上巳節平起平坐的地步。</p> <p align="justify">　　與此同時，寒食節雖然地位有所提升，但相比愉快的清明節，當時受歡迎程度還是略有不及。在此後發展歷程中，清明節繼續吸收上巳節與寒食節的習俗，包括插柳、掃墓等等，再加上自身踏青春遊，最終形成現在我們熟悉的清明節。</p> <p align="justify">　　如此，宋元時期，融匯了兩個古老節日精華的清明節終於形成一個以祭祖掃墓為中心，將寒食風俗與上巳踏青等活動相融合的傳統節日。明清大體承接前代舊制，清明節仍然堅持併發展著其必不可少的大節地位。</p> <p align="justify">　　此前，清明節是否可以說“節日快樂”的問題曾一度引起爭論。在民俗專家看來，這個問題無需討論，清明節是春季最重要的節日，內涵豐富，它並不是個傷感的節日，說“節日快樂”是完全可以的。</p> <p align="justify">　　“清明節把掃墓、踏青相結合。祭奠祖先，後人表達了對先人的追思，也得到了精神慰藉。踏青郊遊作為清明節的重要內容之一，就是為了讓人們感受春天的生機勃勃，滿懷積極的生活態度。”專家如是說道。(完)</p></div> </div> <p class="editor">[責任編輯：楊永青]</p>  <div id="pageNumber"> <script type="text/javascript"> createPageHTML(1, 0, "t20180410_11941201", "htm"); </script> </div>   <div id="relatedInfo"> <h3>相關內容</h3> <ul> <li><a href="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/culture.taiwan.cn/cul/201804/t20180410_11941195.htm" target="_blank" title="文物大省山西向文物犯罪“亮劍”">文物大省山西向文物犯罪“亮劍”</a></li> <li><a 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