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<div class=TRS_Editor><p align="justify">　　作者：武漢大學馬克思主義學院教授、湖北省中國特色社會主義理論體系研究中心研究員楊軍</p> <p align="justify">　　在現代社會，面對各種壓力，人們需要通過娛樂來緩解壓力、放鬆身心，紓解負面情緒。但一段時間以來，“惡搞”成為娛樂之一，需要引起我們的警惕。一些惡搞通過對經典作品、英雄烈士、重要歷史事件等的顛覆重構來製造“笑點”“笑料”。儘管惡搞者並非都有主觀惡意，但仔細分析這些惡搞的實質可以發現，我們絕不能對它“一笑而過”。</p> <p align="justify">　　一些惡搞作品戲謔經典、抹黑英雄，製造出強烈的“反諷”效果。惡搞看上去“無關政治、純屬娛樂”，然而，當惡搞者毫無顧忌地將“得意之作”放在網路上博取眼球，一切都可以懷疑、戲說、顛覆、褻玩的社會心態就會不斷滋長。當承載主流意識形態的經典作品、英雄烈士等都被惡搞，並且在“習慣”中變成“自然”，惡搞的負面政治效應就會慢慢顯現出來。</p> <p align="justify">　　當惡搞的對像是與中國革命、建設、改革緊密聯繫在一起的重要人物、重大事件和經典作品時，歷史虛無主義思潮的理論主張就由此轉化為“生動形象”“接地氣”的話語，攜帶著特定的政治訴求進入大眾的日常生活，在娛樂中不斷挑戰、解構主流價值觀、國家記憶和社會共同情感。</p> <p align="justify">　　從那些惡搞英雄烈士和紅色經典的所謂“作品”來看，歷史虛無主義借著惡搞興風作浪：第一，消解憂患意識。惡搞以匪夷所思的邏輯敘述歷史，不僅背離歷史真相，而且完全消解了人們的憂患意識。第二，消解主流價值。惡搞把英雄烈士和紅色經典作為一個個空洞的符號，再塞進低俗、庸俗的內容，在破壞歷史記憶的同時也消解了英雄烈士、紅色經典的當代價值。第三，鼓勵任性評說。惡搞以娛樂的方式錶現一切歷史議題，製造出“歷史可以任性評說”的錯覺，起到了暗示人們質疑民族歷史記憶、淡化是非判斷的作用。維護意識形態領域安全，不能無視惡搞的意識形態功能，坐視歷史虛無主義思潮借惡搞不斷蔓延。防止歷史虛無主義借助惡搞興風作浪，尤其需要注意以下兩個方面。</p> <p align="justify">　　一是運用好法律武器。我國法律堅持保護公共利益原則，民法總則對侵害英雄烈士等的姓名、肖像、名譽、榮譽的行為，著作權法對歪曲表演形象、篡改他人作品的行為，都有明確的懲治規定。而且，保護英雄烈士名譽榮譽的專門法律——英雄烈士保護法也將出臺。對於傷害民族情感和社會主義核心價值觀、危害公序良俗、侵犯他人肖像權名譽權著作權等的惡搞行為，應該運用法律武器加以懲治。</p> <p align="justify">　　二是加強主流意識形態對大眾文化的引導。主流意識形態不僅要在內容上積極回應大眾的現實關切、反映大眾對美好生活的嚮往，而且在表現形式上要符合大眾的接受習慣。要通過完善公共文化服務體系、健全現代文化產業體系、創新文化產品生產，使主流意識形態融入大眾文化、引導大眾文化，使大眾文化多些品位、格調、情懷，少些低俗、庸俗、媚俗。</p> <p align="justify">　　對於歷史虛無主義思潮，近些年來批判、分析已經不少。但是人們對於歷史虛無主義思潮侵蝕大眾文化，利用惡搞等形式影響大眾歷史認知、塑造社會對抗心態的“軟性”歷史虛無主義，還缺乏足夠警惕。當前，反對歷史虛無主義，需要對“軟性”歷史虛無主義提高警惕，有的放矢採取有效措施加以抵制。</p></div> </div> <p class="editor">[責任編輯：楊永青]</p>  <div id="pageNumber"> <script type="text/javascript"> createPageHTML(1, 0, "t20180425_11948387", "htm"); </script> </div>   <div id="relatedInfo"> <h3>相關內容</h3> <ul> <li><a href="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/culture.taiwan.cn/cul/201804/t20180425_11948385.htm" target="_blank" title="2018年慶祝“五一”國際勞動節心連心特別節目在京錄製">2018年慶祝“五一”國際勞動節心連心特別節目在京錄製</a></li> <li><a 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