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<p>　　做美術史研究，一是要讀書，一是要讀畫。我們從小就讀書，讀書當然要讀懂書中所說的內容，擴展知識，加強修養，培養獨立思考的能力。對於讀畫，似乎很少講。</p> <p>　　讀畫有幾個層次：一是知道畫的內容是什麼。比如一幅人物故事畫，我們知道畫中的人物分別是誰，故事的來龍去脈是怎樣的；一幅山水畫，知道畫的是怎樣的山水風景。這是基本層次，如果達不到，當然談不上讀懂畫。但這僅僅是最淺層面的了解，要深入一點，就應該進入第二個層次：作品屬於什麼類型（國畫、油畫、版畫等）？畫作是什麼時代的？畫的基本風格和特點是什麼？畫家是誰？若能明瞭諸如此類的問題，便可以進入專業領域。這就要求我們不能就畫論畫，還應了解相關文化背景，也就是要讀歷史。達到第二個層次，就由“外行”進入了“內行”，便可以欣賞諸多藝術品。第二層次依然只是對畫的欣賞和認知，若要深入研究領域，就不能滿足於第二層次。</p> <p>　　第三層次：充分了解繪畫的基本創作過程及相關知識，或者具備繪畫實踐經驗，能充分把握作品的基本表現特徵；同時又有較豐富的美術史知識，能夠由一件作品聯想與之相關的時代風格及畫家作品風格，並能比較分析，進行鑒賞或研究。讀畫能達到第三層次，應該可以從事研究工作了。但敦煌藝術又與普通卷軸畫有所不同，因為是壁畫，且已經過千百年的歷史，牽涉很多複雜問題。因此，眼見也不一定為實。所以，讀畫與讀史必須同時並進，相輔相成。沒有行家的眼光，不能掌握繪畫本身的風格特徵，沒有史的修養，則不能了解畫外天地。這裡所說的“史”，不是單純的歷史書，而是繪畫作品歷史文化背景中的所有相關問題。</p> <p>　　本書收集了近些年自己零星發表的文章，主要還是根據讀畫所得而討論的問題。除了前幾篇文章談敦煌藝術的價值以及在中國美術史研究方面的意義外，《表像與真實》一文主要從敦煌壁畫製作的基本過程出發，還原敦煌壁畫的原貌，並針對一些誤讀作出分析。其後的幾篇文章，涉及敦煌壁畫與唐代文化、敦煌藝術與域外文化，特別是與一些唐代畫家作品的比較問題。《羅寄梅拍攝敦煌石窟照片的意義》涉及70多年前莫高窟的一段歷史，而羅氏照片在今天仍有研究價值。敦煌版畫是個特別的領域，由於研究者少，還有很多未知情況。最後一篇文章講到臺北故宮博物院收藏的兩幅絹畫為張大千臨摹品，就是通過敦煌壁畫的調查研究來做繪畫鑒定的嘗試。</p> <p>　　這些文章無非是說明讀畫的重要性。如果我們不能真正讀懂敦煌壁畫，就不能真正理解敦煌壁畫融匯中外藝術的偉大意義，就不能通過敦煌壁畫（包括絹畫）去復原南北朝至唐宋的繪畫史，就不可能以敦煌壁畫為依據來鑒定現代某些畫作的真偽。</p> <p>　　這些文章多發表于這十來年間，在這期間，一些相關問題又不斷有新資料或新研究成果出現，拓展了我們的認識，同時也使我不得不對原來發表的文章作補充和修訂。學無止境，尤其是敦煌石窟這樣一個內涵無限廣博的寶庫，必將不斷有新的發現、新的認識。希望有越來越多的學者加入敦煌學研究行列，共同開發文化藝術寶庫，使敦煌文化在現代社會中閃耀出光芒。（作者為敦煌研究院研究員、黨委書記，此文為《敦煌談藝錄》一書序言，本版有刪節。）</p></div> <div class="editor f14">[責任編輯：李丹]</div> </div>  <div class="page-number"> <script type="text/javascript"> createPageHTML(1, 0, "t20210929_12381648", "htm"); </script> </div>  </div>   <div class="content-plus"> <div class="wrap"> <h3 class="zone-desc-content"><span class="format">相關新聞</span></h3> <ul class="list clearfix"> <li class="list-item single-line f14"><a href="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/culture.taiwan.cn/cul/202109/t20210928_12381363.htm" target="_blank" title="中國兵馬俑開啟全球數字巡展">中國兵馬俑開啟全球數字巡展</a></li> <li class="list-item single-line f14"><a href="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/culture.taiwan.cn/cul/202109/t20210928_12381361.htm" target="_blank" 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