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class="bds_tqq" data-cmd="sqq" title="分享到QQ好友"></a> <a href="#" class="bds_qzone" data-cmd="qzone" title="分享到QQ空間"></a> </div> <script>window._bd_share_config={"common":{"bdSnsKey":{},"bdText":"","bdMini":"2","bdMiniList":false,"bdPic":"","bdStyle":"0","bdSize":"16"},"share":{"tag":"share_1","bdSize":32,"bdCustomStyle":"http://ats.taiwan.cn/homepage2021/css/bgBdShare2021.css"}};with(document)0[(getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||body).appendChild(createElement('script')).src='http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/bdimg.share.baidu.com/static/api/js/share.js?v=89860593.js?cdnversion='+~(-new Date()/36e5)];</script>  </div> </div> <div id="bdShareBtn"></div> </div>  </div> <div class="contentArea"> <div class=TRS_Editor><p>　　人口老齡化是當前社會關注的熱點。</p> <p>　　根據第七次全國人口普查數據顯示，全國人口中，60歲及以上人口為264018766人，佔18.70%，其中65歲及以上人口為190635280人，佔13.50%。</p> <p>　　按照國際通行劃分標準，當一個國家或地區65歲及以上人口占比超過7%時，意味著進入老齡化；達到14%，為深度老齡化；超過20%，則進入超老齡化社會。當前我國離深度老齡化的標準已經不遠。</p> <p>　　在不同地區、不同城市，老齡化的程度也各不相同。根據第一財經統計，目前全國有149市已經進入深度老齡化，其中南通、資陽、泰州、自貢等11個城市已經進入超老齡化階段，主要來自蘇中地區、四川、遼寧和內蒙古，以中小城市為主。</p> <p>　　這些城市進入超老齡化社會的原因之一，是部分城市人口出生率較低。一部分城市如蘇中的南通、泰州，工業化和城鎮化較早，獨生子女佔比也較高，這種低出生率慣性一直延續至今，因此兒童人口占比低，老年人口占比較高。</p> <p>　　但更多的城市是由於當地產業發展不足，勞動年齡人口外流，因而老年人口占比較高。典型的是四川的資陽、自貢等地，這些地方的人口大量流向“強省會”成都以及沿海發達地區。這也是山東等地很多地級市老齡化程度高的重要因素。實際上，出生率較低的蘇中和東北地區，也存在勞動年齡人口外流的問題。可以說，勞動年齡人口外流是大多數三四線城市進入超老齡化、深度老齡化社會的主要原因。</p> <p>　　在深度老齡化乃至超老齡化下，這些三四線城市在養老、醫療、社會經濟發展方面面臨著不小的壓力。如何緩解、平衡區域老齡化的壓力？一方面，應當加快城市群、都市圈的建設。城市群是區域經濟一體化的空間佈局體現，其發展程度決定了一個區域參與全國甚至全球競爭的能力，而城市群之間便利的交通體系建設是競爭的基礎。</p> <p>　　隨著城市群、都市圈一體化的發展，產業可以在城市群內部實現更好的梯度分配。尤其是，中西部城市群、都市圈的發展，有利於承接沿海更多產業轉移落地，讓更多人可以就近就業、就近城鎮化。就近城鎮化的成本比較低，無論是語言文化、生活習慣、氣候等方面都基本與家鄉一致，親戚朋友也多。在這種便利條件下，老年人進城養老、幫子女帶娃等也更容易適應。</p> <p>　　另一方面，欠發達地區的勞動年齡人口大量外流，不僅產生了“留守兒童”問題，也帶來“留守老人”問題。不少老人想到大城市投靠子女，但受限于住房、醫療等問題，這一想法實現起來存在不少難度，因而只能繼續留守家鄉。</p> <p>　　因此，對勞動力大量流入的一二線城市來說，未來要加快住房、教育、醫療等公共服務領域補短板，從財權、事權對稱的角度，增加公共產品供給，推動外來務工人員的市民化，減少跨區域的遷徙。</p> <p>　　比如，在住房方面，當前不少人口流入多的大城市，近些年都提升了政策性住房的佔比，目前大多以中小戶型為主。未來，政策性住房不僅應該覆蓋更多的新市民，而且在“三孩時代”和養老高峰到來的情況下，新市民要生育二孩、三孩，老年人要進城幫子女帶娃，政策性住房也應當適當增加多房戶型的佔比，滿足不同層次的需求。（林小昭）</p></div> <div class="editor f14">[責任編輯：李丹]</div> </div>  <div class="page-number"> <script type="text/javascript"> createPageHTML(1, 0, "t20210916_12378676", "htm"); </script> </div>  </div>   <div class="content-plus"> <div class="wrap"> <h3 class="zone-desc-content"><span class="format">相關新聞</span></h3> <ul class="list clearfix"> <li class="list-item single-line f14"><a href="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/econ.taiwan.cn/econ/202109/t20210915_12378432.htm" target="_blank" title="第130屆廣交會將首次線上線下舉辦線上展品超300萬件">第130屆廣交會將首次線上線下舉辦線上展品超300萬件</a></li> <li class="list-item single-line f14"><a href="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/econ.taiwan.cn/econ/202109/t20210915_12378431.htm" target="_blank" title="“金九銀十”消費旺季到來內需復蘇動力充沛">“金九銀十”消費旺季到來內需復蘇動力充沛</a></li> <li class="list-item single-line f14"><a 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