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<p>　　今年《政府工作報告》提出，延續實施扶持製造業、小微企業和個體工商戶的減稅降費政策，並提高減免幅度、擴大適用範圍，包括對小規模納稅人階段性免征增值稅；更是明確了預計今年全年退稅減稅約2.5萬億元，其中留抵退稅約1.5萬億元，退稅資金全部直達企業。這些舉措，毫無疑問將給企業帶來實打實的“真金白銀”，並最終確保企業真正受益。</p> <p>　　在幫扶支援政策持續出臺後，一些企業依然反映成本壓力大、經營困難大等問題。其中最重要的原因，當然是目前宏觀經濟面臨新的下行壓力，以及包括新冠肺炎疫情在內的多種困難挑戰增多。事實上，經過連續多年的減稅降費，2021年全國稅收總收入佔GDP比重已經下降到15.1%。從這個指標來看，中國企業的宏觀稅負已經實實在在減輕了很多，也收穫了積極正面的評價。因此，面對新的客觀壓力和外在挑戰，未來我們不僅要持續發力減輕企業負擔，還要更多依靠深化體制機制改革來釋放經濟發展動能、激發市場主體活力，以營造更加有利於企業發展的環境，以此提高對抗風險的能力。</p> <p>　　正如有學者所指出的，當前幫助企業降成本的措施，主要從實體要素成本出發，按照稅費負擔、融資成本、制度性成本、人工成本、用地用能成本、物流成本等分類開展。如果以“為企業減負”為目的而非手段，在經濟部門間、不同行業間以及產業鏈上下游間就可能遇到“按下葫蘆浮起瓢”的困擾。這是因為，降低企業成本實際上是對不同經濟主體之間收入分配關係的調整。例如，隨著我國經濟從高速發展轉向高品質發展階段，人工成本的增長趨勢不可避免，這些不僅是企業必須承受的“硬成本”，也是經濟體擴大內需、消費升級的必然要求，需要企業通過創新發展來挖掘增效，更需要從整體上統籌考慮、合理分配負擔，避免變相侵蝕勞動者收入的情形發生。此外，減稅降費所帶來的財政收支壓力，也為厘清政府和市場邊界、提高行政效率、深化要素市場化改革等諸多難題，提供了一個加速推進的機會。</p> <p>　　從更長遠的視角來看，中國經濟以其內在的韌性和潛在的活力，絲毫不會畏懼當下的暴風驟雨。我們所要做的，就是繼續堅持深化改革、擴大開放，在短期政策的支援下營造更好的市場制度環境，把政策紅利和制度紅利轉化為市場主體實實在在的獲得感。</p></div> <div class="editor f14">[責任編輯：李丹]</div> </div>  <div 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