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class="CurrChnlCls">文化</a> </div> </div>   <div class="content wrap"> <h1 class="title">人工智慧，如何妙筆“生”畫</h1> <div class="funcs clearfix single-line"> <div class="info"> <div class="date format single-line">2022-12-23 09:48:00</div> <div class="source format single-line">來源：人民日報</div> <div class="resizer format single-line">字號</div> </div>  <div class="share">  <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ats.taiwan.cn/homepage2021/js/wx_pic_init_min.js@OldUrl;@JS;http://culture.taiwan.cn/cul/202212/t20221223_12496621.htm_.js"></script>  <div id="bdShare"> <div>  <div class="bdsharebuttonbox bdshare-button-style0-32" data-tag="share_1" data-bd-bind="1482825957937"> <a href="#" class="bds_weixin" data-cmd="weixin" title="分享到微信"></a> <a href="#" class="bds_tsina" data-cmd="tsina" title="分享到新浪微博"></a> <a href="#" class="bds_tqq" data-cmd="sqq" title="分享到QQ好友"></a> <a href="#" class="bds_qzone" data-cmd="qzone" title="分享到QQ空間"></a> </div> <script>window._bd_share_config={"common":{"bdSnsKey":{},"bdText":"","bdMini":"2","bdMiniList":false,"bdPic":"","bdStyle":"0","bdSize":"16"},"share":{"tag":"share_1","bdSize":32,"bdCustomStyle":"http://ats.taiwan.cn/homepage2021/css/bgBdShare2021.css"}};with(document)0[(getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||body).appendChild(createElement('script')).src='http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/bdimg.share.baidu.com/static/api/js/share.js?v=89860593.js?cdnversion='+~(-new Date()/36e5)];</script>  </div> </div> <div id="bdShareBtn"></div> </div>  </div> <div class="contentArea"> <div class=TRS_Editor><div class="Custom_UnionStyle"> <p style="white-space: normal; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; padding-right: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial">　　接受指令後輸出圖像，數秒鐘可生成一幅畫</p> <p style="white-space: normal; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; padding-right: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial">　　人工智慧，如何妙筆“生”畫</p> <p style="white-space: normal; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; padding-right: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial">　　本報記者喻思南</p> <p style="white-space: normal; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; padding-right: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial">　　核心閱讀</p> <p style="white-space: normal; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; padding-right: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial">　　輸入一段話，“繪”出一幅畫——人工智慧的繪畫本領，吸引眾多職業畫師和零基礎用戶嘗鮮。人工智慧繪畫的本質是計算，接受“語言描述”指令後根據自身的理解還原出圖像。未來，人工智慧技術應用於藝術創作等領域，還要注意防範潛在風險，讓技術進步更好地造福社會。</p> <p style="white-space: normal; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; padding-right: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial">　　不用畫筆、顏料，輸入一段描述性文字，電腦就能自動解析，生成相應的畫作。2022世界人工智慧大會上，人工智慧繪畫的展示令觀眾驚嘆。</p> <p style="white-space: normal; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; padding-right: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial">　　一些過去專屬於人類創作的領域，比如繪畫、書法、寫作、作曲，如今人工智慧也已開始涉足。人工智慧是如何繪畫的？當前沿技術與藝術相遇，將碰撞出怎樣的火花？在內容、版權等方面又是否存在問題？</p> <p style="white-space: normal; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; padding-right: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial">　　從文本到圖像，人工智慧繪畫本質是計算</p> <p style="white-space: normal; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; padding-right: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial">　　人工智慧繪畫是一個從文本到圖像的生成過程，輸入一段話，生成一幅畫，本質是計算。簡要地說，電腦通過大量學習，能識別特定圖片元素和文本之間的關聯。同理，人工智慧程式在收到“語言描述”指令後，可以根據自身的演算法還原出圖像。</p> <p style="white-space: normal; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; padding-right: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial">　　設定電腦程式作畫的想法由來已久。早在20世紀70年代，就有藝術家開發了操作機械臂的電腦程式，讓機械臂按照指令在畫紙上作畫。近些年，人工智慧技術日新月異，科研人員嘗試設計自動作圖的電腦程式。但過去很長一段時間，人工智慧“畫”出的作品普遍不夠好，往往只是一些模糊的圖像元素的組合，還稱不上是完整的畫。</p> <p style="white-space: normal; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; padding-right: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial">　　今年以來，人工智慧畫技迅速“進化”。談及技術突破原因，百度文心一格總架構師肖欣延認為，這是預訓練大模型的興起、大數據的訓練和擴散模型的出現3方面共同作用的結果。</p> <p style="white-space: normal; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; padding-right: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial">　　具體來說，預訓練大模型增強了人工智慧的通用性，成為人工智慧技術及應用的新基座；大數據的訓練中，通過在眾多高性能GPU（圖形處理器）算力資源中進行並行學習，電腦能夠在短時間內完成大量的數據學習。近年來，幾乎所有人工智慧的技術發展都受益於這兩方面的進展。而對人工智慧繪畫來說，擴散模型的出現至關重要。</p> <p style="white-space: normal; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; padding-right: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial">　　擴散模型的原理是，通過人為逐步添加噪聲，讓圖像逐漸變“模糊”，再不斷學習去噪過程，如此人工智慧就能從完全是噪聲的圖片中逐漸還原出清晰的圖片，即“畫”出圖像。</p> <p style="white-space: normal; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; padding-right: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial">　　“這一過程與人類學習相似。通常，人們學畫從臨摹開始，機器也是如此。它最初生成的圖像可能很模糊，但電腦會不斷修正，從而輸出越來越清楚、層次越來越豐富的圖像。”肖欣延說。</p> <p style="white-space: normal; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; padding-right: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial">　　擴散模型讓人工智慧繪畫技術實現跨越，不僅作畫品質快速提升，生成時間也縮短到幾秒鐘。</p> <p style="white-space: normal; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; padding-right: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial">　　眾多用戶嘗鮮，大量應用加速“畫技”進化</p> <p style="white-space: normal; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; padding-right: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial">　　湯林傑是某網際網路公司的運營人員。工作中，他需要借助一些圖片來豐富文案，而網路上找到合適的配圖並不容易。今年10月，了解人工智慧繪畫程式後，他嘗試自己“畫”圖。現在，人工智慧繪畫工具已經是他工作的重要輔助。</p> <p style="white-space: normal; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; padding-right: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial">　　隨著演算法模型對公眾開放以及訓練數據成本的下降，人工智慧繪畫門檻越來越低，一些簡易化操作平臺在國內外興起。如今，不僅一些職業插畫師嘗試用人工智慧繪畫程式輔助作畫、激發靈感，許多沒有繪畫基礎的用戶也開始嘗鮮，並“曬”在社交平臺上。</p> <p style="white-space: normal; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; padding-right: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial">　　大量需求的涌現也加速了技術的更新迭代。“用人工智慧繪畫的人越多，演算法就越能理解輸入的描述文本，畫作品質就越高。”肖欣延表示，當前人工智慧繪畫水準與今年初相比，已經有很大進步。</p> <p style="white-space: normal; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; padding-right: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial">　　不過，目前的人工智慧繪畫技術並不完美。首先，可控性仍然不高，即電腦不能很好理解人類指令的含義，即便是輸入“畫兩個蘋果，左邊紅色，右邊綠色”這樣的簡單描述，生成的圖像也可能有很大偏差；其次，細節呈現能力還不夠。比如，對空間、透視和光影的刻畫就很不如意。不少人工智慧渲染出的畫作，初看上去驚艷，認真觀察問題卻不少。</p> <p style="white-space: normal; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; padding-right: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial">　　但肖欣延認為，人工智慧繪畫在技法上的缺陷未來有望得到彌補。比如，基於跨模態大模型和強大的深度學習框架，百度開發的技術一定程度上已經緩解這些問題。此外，未來人工智慧不僅能作畫，還能根據文本描述生成視頻，並直接配上解說文字，“可以把視頻生成看作是維度更高的繪畫，從技術層面看，這是可以實現的。”</p> <p style="white-space: normal; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; padding-right: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial">　　防範潛在風險，守住法律和倫理底線</p> <p style="white-space: normal; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; padding-right: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial">　　人工智慧進入繪畫領域，電腦會取代人類畫師嗎？</p> <p style="white-space: normal; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; padding-right: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial">　　在肖欣延看來，好的繪畫與構圖、設計語言、視覺情緒息息相關，即使人人都可以用人工智慧技術作畫，但通常只有高水準的畫師才能製作出優秀的人工智慧繪畫作品，“人工智慧只是作畫的輔助工具”。此外，雖然有的人工智慧繪畫語言嫺熟，也包含細膩的情感，但並不意味著機器有意識、情感，它不過是學過類似的作品，又恰好呈現出來了。“優秀的藝術作品往往是人的思想的投射，目前機器並沒有真正具備思考能力。”肖欣延說。</p> <p style="white-space: normal; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; padding-right: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial">　　不少業內人士認為，不妨以開放的心態擁抱人工智慧繪畫，接受新事物。可以預想，將來繪畫中一些繁瑣、重復性的工作可能由電腦完成，創作者能騰出更多時間去構思想法與創意，調整構圖、色彩、光影氛圍等。</p> <p style="white-space: normal; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; padding-right: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial">　　“人工智慧可能會激發繪畫創造的活力。”肖欣延表示，20世紀前後，照相技術讓傳統肖像畫失去市場，促使一些畫家向非寫實方向創新。與人工智慧技術融合，或許能激發畫家創作出別開生面的作品。</p> <p style="white-space: normal; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; padding-right: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial">　　不過，由於人工智慧繪畫發展剛剛起步，技術發展也引發關於版權、內容把控等問題的爭議。比如，有人認為，未經授權人工智慧畫作模倣原畫的內容、構圖和風格等，侵犯了原作者的版權，有違法嫌疑。也有人認為，“機器學習”過程是一種類人化的創作行為，同樣體現了創造者的思想和勞動，應當獲得版權保護。此外，還有人擔憂，人工智慧繪畫技術若被濫用，可能滋生暴力等令人不適的圖像。面對新技術發展，有必要前瞻潛在的風險，只有守住法律和倫理底線，技術進步才能更好地造福社會。</p> <p style="white-space: normal; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; padding-right: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial">　　不只是繪畫，寫作、作曲、生成短片，人工智慧日益強大的深度學習能力，讓它與不同藝術門類發生著奇妙的碰撞。展望未來，業界專家認為，人工智慧與藝術融合，一方面會降低一些藝術門類的創造門檻，讓更多人參與到當代的審美創造中來；另一方面新技術會帶來新的審美風格，人們或許能從中擴展對自身和世界的認識。</p> </div></div> <div class="editor f14">[責任編輯：李丹]</div> </div>  <div class="page-number"> <script type="text/javascript"> createPageHTML(1, 0, "t20221223_12496621", "htm"); </script> </div>  </div>   <div class="content-plus"> <div class="wrap"> <h3 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