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//]]></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/afpmm.alicdn.com/g/mm/afp-cdn/JS/k.js@OldUrl;@JS;http://culture.taiwan.cn/jlyhz/201609/t20160926_11578251.htm_.js"></script>  </div>  <div id="tw_artmain"> <div class="tw_place"><a href="http://103.249.53.35/" target="_self">台灣網</a> > <a href="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/culture.taiwan.cn/" target="_self" title="兩岸文化" class="CurrChnlCls">兩岸文化</a> > <a href="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/culture.taiwan.cn/jlyhz/" target="_self" title="交流與合作" class="CurrChnlCls">交流與合作</a></div> <h1 class="art_tit">說說臺灣的自殺防治</h1> <div class="art_time">2016年09月26日 08:21:46 來源：人民日報海外版 <div class="art_font"><div style="float:left;margin-top:-6px;">  <div class="bdsharebuttonbox"><a href="#" class="bds_more" data-cmd="more"></a><a href="#" class="bds_qzone" data-cmd="qzone" title="分享到QQ空間"></a><a href="#" class="bds_tsina" data-cmd="tsina" title="分享到新浪微博"></a><a href="#" class="bds_tqq" data-cmd="tqq" title="分享到騰訊微博"></a><a href="#" class="bds_renren" data-cmd="renren" title="分享到人人網"></a><a href="#" class="bds_weixin" data-cmd="weixin" title="分享到微信"></a></div> <script>window._bd_share_config={"common":{"bdSnsKey":{},"bdText":"","bdMini":"2","bdMiniList":false,"bdPic":"","bdStyle":"0","bdSize":"16"},"share":{}};with(document)0[(getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||body).appendChild(createElement('script')).src='http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/bdimg.share.baidu.com/static/api/js/share.js?v=89860593.js?cdnversion='+~(-new Date()/36e5)];</script>  </div><div style="float:left;"><a href="javascript:window.print();"><img src="http://ats.taiwan.cn/images/jingmao_34.gif" align="top" /></a>字號：<a href="javascript:void(0);" class="smallFont">小</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="medFont">中</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="largeFont">大</a></div></div> </div> <div class="art_con left"> <div class="art_txt fontsizebox"> <div class=TRS_Editor><p>　　剛剛過去的9月10日，是世界衛生組織確定的世界預防自殺日。在海峽對岸的臺灣，每到這一天，從政府到民間，都有密集的宣導和研討活動。所有的努力，都是在為生命“守門”。</p> <p>　　臺灣的自殺率曾經居高不下，從1997年起連續13年位列島內民眾十大死因，被世衛組織認定為自殺高盛行區。2005年，臺灣當局成立了全臺性的自殺防治中心，政府和民間通力合作，歷經11年努力，成效已見，2005年每1.9小時就有一個人自殺，2015年已為每2.4小時有一人自殺。自2010年起，自殺已經退出臺灣人十大死因。</p> <p>　　人類為何自殺？相關研究汗牛充棟。具體到個案，原因一般都很複雜。以臺灣基隆為例，據衛生部門統計，自2002年至2011年，基隆市幾乎連續蟬聯臺灣自殺率第一名，其間臺灣自殺死亡率為每10萬人中平均有16.7人自殺死亡，基隆市卻高達25.3人。有人說是因為基隆多雨的氣候，有人說是因為失業率高，有人說是因為人口老化。基隆市政府的自殺防治措施則非常務實，比如推出購買農藥登記制度和張貼防自殺貼紙。基隆自殺防治中心印製了大量“不要跳樓”“生命誠可貴”貼紙，張貼在全市四層樓以上大廈的電梯內、窗戶旁及頂樓。此舉曾經被人嘲笑，但基隆市政府不以為意，他們說：如果花上1000枚貼紙，能挽回一條生命，也是相當值得的。</p> <p>　　此外，開設自殺求助熱線，是臺灣自殺防治中的重要一環。不過，調查顯示，人們對自殺者常有偏見，認為“自殺是不負責的行為”“自殺是自私的行為”者高達八成以上，認為“自殺是弱者的表現”者近六成，這些負面的評價，讓當事人不敢對人傾訴，減低了他們的求助意願。為此，2013年，臺灣自殺防治中心專門推出“污名化：自殺防治的重大阻礙”為主題的宣導活動，呼籲社會破除對自殺的成見、讓當事人勇於求助。</p> <p>　　有證據表明，媒體報道自殺新聞的內容與方式和自殺率上升有顯著關係。有鋻於此，臺灣自殺防治中心將世衛組織的媒體自殺報道規範“在地化”為簡明扼要的“三不三要”，如不要聳動化報道、不要描述自殺方法與地點、不要簡化或臆測自殺原因；要避免使用“自殺成功”等說法。</p> <p>　　臺灣自殺防治已頗見成效，但“革命尚未成功，同志仍須努力”。相關調查顯示，臺灣有上百萬人有精神困擾，其中一半以上有過自殺的念頭。相關人士不敢懈怠，一直奔走呼籲政府專門立法，讓自殺防治“有法可依”；引導社會大眾減少對自殺議題的污名化，密切留意有自殺意念或自殺行為者，以“聯繫、溝通與關懷”為手段，做生命的“守門人”。臺灣自殺防治的做法可圈可點，其防治自殺經驗，或許可以成為其他地方的借鑒。(記者王堯)</p></div> <p class="editor">[責任編輯：楊永青]</p> </div> <div class="page"> <script type="text/javascript"> createPageHTML(1, 0, "t20160926_11578251", "htm"); 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