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//]]></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/afpmm.alicdn.com/g/mm/afp-cdn/JS/k.js@OldUrl;@JS;http://culture.taiwan.cn/lawhsx/201611/t20161129_11637536.htm_.js"></script>  </div>  <div id="tw_artmain"> <div class="tw_place"><a href="http://103.249.53.35/" target="_self">台灣網</a> > <a href="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/culture.taiwan.cn/" target="_self" title="兩岸文化" class="CurrChnlCls">兩岸文化</a> > <a href="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/culture.taiwan.cn/lawhsx/" target="_self" title="書訊" class="CurrChnlCls">書訊</a></div> <h1 class="art_tit">尋找老舍：一個編輯的“回譯”路</h1> <div class="art_time">2016年11月29日 08:34:10 來源：北京晚報 <div class="art_font"><div style="float:left;margin-top:-6px;">  <div class="bdsharebuttonbox"><a href="#" class="bds_more" data-cmd="more"></a><a href="#" class="bds_qzone" data-cmd="qzone" title="分享到QQ空間"></a><a href="#" class="bds_tsina" data-cmd="tsina" title="分享到新浪微博"></a><a href="#" class="bds_tqq" data-cmd="tqq" title="分享到騰訊微博"></a><a href="#" class="bds_renren" data-cmd="renren" title="分享到人人網"></a><a href="#" class="bds_weixin" data-cmd="weixin" title="分享到微信"></a></div> <script>window._bd_share_config={"common":{"bdSnsKey":{},"bdText":"","bdMini":"2","bdMiniList":false,"bdPic":"","bdStyle":"0","bdSize":"16"},"share":{}};with(document)0[(getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||body).appendChild(createElement('script')).src='http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/bdimg.share.baidu.com/static/api/js/share.js?v=89860593.js?cdnversion='+~(-new Date()/36e5)];</script>  </div><div style="float:left;"><a href="javascript:window.print();"><img src="http://ats.taiwan.cn/images/jingmao_34.gif" align="top" /></a>字號：<a href="javascript:void(0);" class="smallFont">小</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="medFont">中</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="largeFont">大</a></div></div> </div> <div class="art_con left"> <div class="art_txt fontsizebox"> <div class=TRS_Editor><p align="center"><img alt="" src="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/culture.taiwan.cn/lawhsx/201611/W020161129304827177916.jpg" oldsrc="W020161129304827177916.jpg" /></p> <p align="center" class="pictext">　　話劇海報</p> <p>　　張玉瑤</p> <p>　　<strong>《四世同堂》為什麼沒有連載完？</strong></p> <p>　　老舍在美國寫就的《饑荒》，寫作時到底是怎樣的狀況？為何已經全部寫完，卻沒有完整發表？</p> <p>　　1982年，馬小彌根據《四世同堂》的英文版回譯出了缺失的13段後，老舍夫人胡絜青女士和兒子舒乙曾寫了一篇文章《記〈四世同堂〉結尾的丟失和英文縮寫本的復譯》，裏面詳述了一些細節，也推測了一些原因。據家人回憶，《饑荒》的手稿並非寫在稿紙上，而是寫在“大十六開的厚厚的美國筆電”中，本數很多，摞起來足有十幾釐米高，《小說》雜誌的連載就是根據這份手稿印刷的。</p> <p>　　1948年，老舍與出生於中國山東的美國人浦愛德合譯《四世同堂》。據後來蒐集到的浦愛德寫給費正清夫人費慰梅的信件，兩人合作的過程有些奇特：浦愛德會聽、說漢語卻看不懂，老舍便一邊把手稿念給她聽，一邊由她在打字機上用英文打出來。不過，老舍並非逐字逐句念的，有時省略幾句，有時甚至省略相當大的段。信中還透露說，老舍曾因自己翻譯“太慢”而苦惱，“他想回家，回中國去，他為此而焦急”。其他史料也顯示，老舍曾懷疑過浦愛德的翻譯水準，後來把譯稿拿給賽珍珠看，賽珍珠大加讚賞，才定了下來。</p> <p>　　浦愛德寫到，譯稿交給哈考特和佈雷斯出版社（Harcourt Brece）後，“編輯們做了某些刪節，他們完整地刪掉了一個角色，而他是我所特別喜歡的。他們認為有必要減少一些字數，以便壓縮一下書的塊頭。對結尾沒有做變動”。這個被完整刪去的角色，應當是書中的常二爺。也就是說，于1951年出版的哈考特版《黃色風暴》，和老舍本人刪定的浦愛德節譯本是有差別的。但儘管如此，它提供了偏差不多的走向，為後來馬小彌回譯後13段、補全整部《四世同堂》做出了很大貢獻，讓中國讀者得以大致了解後續的情節和人物結局。</p> <p>　　那麼，《饑荒》為何會被“腰斬”呢？是受到了干涉，還是老舍自己的決定？這個謎團大概很難解開了。不過，胡絜青、舒乙以老舍曾於差不多同期刪改《駱駝祥子》的事實為對比，認為“在思想上可能找到一些共同之處”，做了一些猜想。根據《老舍選集》1951年開明書店版的自序，刪改《駱駝祥子》歸納起來有兩點原因，一是太悲，沒有光明的出路，二是沒有正面寫革命者。這在《四世同堂》中，也稍可覓得一些端倪。</p> <p>　　寫于1930年代的《駱駝祥子》是個徹頭徹尾的悲劇，但《四世同堂》的結尾，乃是寧折不彎的好人們迎來了抗戰勝利，而壞蛋們紛紛遭到橫禍或應有的制裁（這一點還被夏志清在其《中國現代小說史》中詬病為“狹隘的愛國主義”、“幼稚的愛國心”），和前者中瀰漫的無邊黑暗與絕望感迥然相異。然而，老舍並未將其簡單處理為勝利的歡欣鼓舞，而是依然沉浸在一種悲哀的低氣壓中：獲知勝利當日，祁家曾孫女小妞子餓死了，她的母親、祁家長孫媳婦韻梅哭泣不已，活著的人，皆是骨瘦如柴，衣著襤褸。這副模樣和國家意識形態中設定的“勝利者”似乎並不相稱；而小孫子祁瑞全和詩人錢默吟是從事地下抗日活動的愛國者，但又不是共產黨，這個身份處於夾縫中，未能更清晰明確地指向新的政權。</p> <p>　　小說的結局早就寫好了，但1949年共和國的成立，大概讓真心熱情接受改造的老舍“犯了難”。胡、舒的推測有一定道理。1951年，老舍在致《四世同堂》日譯者鈴木擇郎和桑島信一的信中說：“需要對《四世同堂》全部加以修改，因此第三部不宜發表。何時能著手修改還不知道。現在工作繁忙，無閒暇顧及。這實在對不起各位，但也無奈。”“不宜發表”的個中細節已無法追索，但老舍如此謹慎地砍掉“尾巴”，定有一番政治上的考慮。 </p> </div> <p class="editor">[責任編輯：楊真斌]</p> </div> <div class="page"> <script type="text/javascript"> createPageHTML(3, 0, "t20161129_11637536", "htm"); 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