銆婅祫娌婚��閴翠笌瀹跺浗鍏磋“銆嬶細鍘嗗彶鏈夊嚑縐嶈𢄪娉��/title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile"> <meta name="keywords" content="璧勬不閫氶壌,璇繪硶,褰掔害,鍙擱┈鍏��鍙擱┈娓╁叕"> <meta name="description" content="鍗充嬌濡傛𡸷錛屽湪浠婂ぉ鐨勮𢄪鑰呯湅鏉ワ紝榪欎簺鍘嗗彶鐨勫啓娉曪紝浼間箮浠嶇劧緙轟簡涓��𡞰鏇撮��閫忕殑璇繪硶銆傛墍璋撯��璧勬不鈥濓紝鍘嗗彶鏈夎祫浜庢不閬撹��錛屼笉鍞𣇹槸鍙𠴲互娌誨浗騫衝ぉ涓嬶紝鏇村彲浠ヤ粠涓垐𢄪鍑轟慨韜𡣗綈瀹躲��娌誨喍浜虹敓鐨勫懗閬撱��" /> <meta name="filetype" content="0"> <meta name="publishedtype" content="1"> <meta name="pagetype" content="1"> <meta name="catalogs" content="52296"> <meta name="contentid" content="11644278"> <meta name="publishdate" content="2016-12-06 08:32:39" /> <meta name="author" content="鏉ㄧ湡鏂��> <meta name="source" content="鍏夋槑鏃ユ姤"> <link href="http://103.249.53.35/images/main201510.css" rel="stylesheet" /> <link href="http://103.249.53.35/images/article201511.css" rel="stylesheet" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://103.249.53.35/images/jquery-1.4.2.min.js@OldUrl;@JS;http://culture.taiwan.cn/lawhsx/201612/t20161206_11644278.htm_.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://103.249.53.35/images/fontsize_global_new_2015.js@OldUrl;@JS;http://culture.taiwan.cn/lawhsx/201612/t20161206_11644278.htm_.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ats.taiwan.cn/images/trs_rollpage.js@OldUrl;@JS;http://culture.taiwan.cn/lawhsx/201612/t20161206_11644278.htm_.js"></script>  </head> <body>  <div id="tw_top"> <div class="tw_topbox"> <a class="tw_arrow_s" href="http://103.249.53.35/"><img src="http://103.249.53.35/images/tw_arrow_20160108.png" /></a> <div class="logo_s"><img src="http://103.249.53.35/images/logo_s.jpg" /></div> <div class="tw_date left"><script type="text/javascript" src="http://ats.taiwan.cn/images/clock_time.js@OldUrl;@JS;http://culture.taiwan.cn/lawhsx/201612/t20161206_11644278.htm_.js"></script></div> <div class="tw_languge right"><span></span><a href="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/big5.taiwan.cn/" target="_blank">綣佷綋</a><span>|</span><a href="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/eng.taiwan.cn/" target="_blank">English</a></div> </div> </div>   <div id="tw_head"> <a href="http://103.249.53.35/"><img src="http://103.249.53.35/images/tw_logo_2015.gif" width="180" height="60" class="tw_logo_img left" /></a> <div class="tw_hdad right"><a href="http://y.taiwan.cn/" target="_blank"><img src="http://103.249.53.35/hp2015/ytlsbannerq/201512/W020160913386111201880.jpg" title="ad9_210*60" alt="ad9_210*60" /></a></div> <form id="baiduSearchContainer" class="input-group" target="_blank"><input class="tw_search_text" id="bdcsMain" type="text" /><span class="input-group-btn "><input class="tb_search_btn" type="submit" value="" title="鎼滅儲" /></span></form> <div class="tw_key"><strong>鍏抽敭璇嶏細</strong><div id="bdcs-rec"></div></div> </div> <div id="tw_nav"> <ul> <li><a target="_blank" href="http://103.249.53.35/">棣栭〉</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="http://103.249.53.35/xwzx/">鏂伴椈</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="http://103.249.53.35/plzhx/">璇勮撐</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="http://103.249.53.35/taiwan/">鍙版咕</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/v.taiwan.cn/">瑙嗛𥐯</a></li>  <li><a target="_blank" href="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/econ.taiwan.cn/">緇忚錘</a></li>  <li><a target="_blank" href="http://103.249.53.35/local/">鍦版柟</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/travel.taiwan.cn/">鏃呮父</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="http://103.249.53.35/tp/">鍥劇墖</a></li>   <li><a target="_blank" href="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/culture.taiwan.cn/">文化</a></li>  <li><a target="_blank" href="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/agri.taiwan.cn/">農業</a></li>  <li><a target="_blank" href="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/pic.taiwan.cn/">圖庫</a></li> </ul> </div>   <div id="tw_mainad">   <script type="text/javascript">//<![CDATA[ ac_as_id = "mm_114896513_13668621_57662842";ac_format = 1;ac_mode = 1;ac_group_id = 1;ac_server_base_url = "afpeng.alimama.com/"; //]]></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/afpmm.alicdn.com/g/mm/afp-cdn/JS/k.js@OldUrl;@JS;http://culture.taiwan.cn/lawhsx/201612/t20161206_11644278.htm_.js"></script>  </div>  <div id="tw_artmain"> <div class="tw_place"><a href="http://103.249.53.35/" target="_self">台灣網</a> > <a href="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/culture.taiwan.cn/" target="_self" title="兩岸文化" class="CurrChnlCls">兩岸文化</a> > <a href="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/culture.taiwan.cn/lawhsx/" target="_self" title="書訊" class="CurrChnlCls">書訊</a></div> <h1 class="art_tit">《資治通鑒與家國興衰》：歷史有幾種讀法</h1> <div class="art_time">2016年12月06日 08:32:39 來源：光明日報 <div class="art_font"><div style="float:left;margin-top:-6px;">  <div class="bdsharebuttonbox"><a href="#" class="bds_more" data-cmd="more"></a><a href="#" class="bds_qzone" data-cmd="qzone" title="分享到QQ空間"></a><a href="#" class="bds_tsina" data-cmd="tsina" title="分享到新浪微博"></a><a href="#" class="bds_tqq" data-cmd="tqq" title="分享到騰訊微博"></a><a href="#" class="bds_renren" data-cmd="renren" title="分享到人人網"></a><a href="#" class="bds_weixin" data-cmd="weixin" title="分享到微信"></a></div> <script>window._bd_share_config={"common":{"bdSnsKey":{},"bdText":"","bdMini":"2","bdMiniList":false,"bdPic":"","bdStyle":"0","bdSize":"16"},"share":{}};with(document)0[(getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||body).appendChild(createElement('script')).src='http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/bdimg.share.baidu.com/static/api/js/share.js?v=89860593.js?cdnversion='+~(-new Date()/36e5)];</script>  </div><div style="float:left;"><a href="javascript:window.print();"><img src="http://ats.taiwan.cn/images/jingmao_34.gif" align="top" /></a>字號：<a href="javascript:void(0);" class="smallFont">小</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="medFont">中</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="largeFont">大</a></div></div> </div> <div class="art_con left"> <div class="art_txt fontsizebox"> <div class=TRS_Editor><p align="center"><img alt="資治通鑒與家國興衰" src="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/culture.taiwan.cn/lawhsx/201612/W020161206307589574020.jpeg" OLDSRC="W020161206307589574020.jpeg" /></p> <p>　　在學院派史學與大眾史學隔著諸多話語壁壘的當下，我們有時候也會像孔乙己一樣發問：歷史可以有幾種讀法？這實際上也取決於我們以什麼樣的視角，讀什麼樣的歷史書。很多時候，史書本身即有其自身的歷史寫法，而在此基礎上讀者又可以有不同的讀法，這也往往導致我們對於歷史的感悟走向不同的方向。</p> <p>　　<strong>兩位司馬公如何說史</strong></p> <p>　　史書有幾種求“通”的寫法和讀法。西漢修撰《史記》的太史公司馬遷、北宋編修《資治通鑒》的溫公司馬光在史學界並稱“漢宋兩司馬”。兩部各自開創史學編撰體例的史書，是漢以前、唐以前歷史兩種不同的“通”的寫法。</p> <p>　　司馬遷著《史記》，是“欲以究天人之際，通古今之變，成一家之言”（《史記》）；司馬光編《資治通鑒》，更是“足以懋稽古之盛德，躋無前之至治”（司馬光《進資治通鑒表》），其書名即直接鮮明表達了有鋻於治道之通達的願望。不過，《史記》不唯是“史家之絕唱”，也是中國文學史上所公認的“無韻之《離騷》”，其紀傳體的寫法，將帝王將相各色人等的生平故事娓娓道來，其間不乏穿插一些太史公自己對於歷史事件細節的“合理想像”，後人讀起活靈活現的故事來自是津津有味。可是司馬溫公編《資治通鑒》，卻是一種不太好讀的編年體寫法，從頭看下來，羅列的都是某年某月發生了哪些事的記載，如同歷史“流水賬”，想要真正通貫起來讀，著實需要費些力氣。其對於歷史事件本末因果的記敘，則需要到後來南宋袁樞編《通鑒紀事本末》這種“遂使紀傳、編年貫通為一”的“配套讀物”才能通讀一整件大事的來龍去脈。</p> <p>　　即使如此，在今天的讀者看來，這些歷史的寫法，似乎仍然缺了一種更通透的讀法。若能跳出簡單的人物臧否與單調的事件進程，而深入人物性格與行為邏輯，從性格命運看治亂興替，或許更能如兩位司馬公所希望的那樣通達其間，獲取智慧。</p> <p>　　<strong>另一種有趣的讀法</strong></p> <p>　　如今，張國剛的新著，一部有趣的史學普及讀物《資治通鑒與家國興衰》，歸約《資治通鑒》留給我們的龐雜的史料文本，正好給我們提供了這樣一種有歷史智慧的讀法，讓當代人得以從中獲取“前人在應對各種挑戰後，給我們留下的一些經驗總結”。我們從這個視角讀到的歷史，就是人生、民族、國家對於這些挑戰的“應對的措施、應對的辦法、應對的智慧”，“所有的成敗得失的記錄就構成歷史”。因此，“讀史就像看高人下棋”。作者正是以這樣的穿透力，帶著讀者從一盤盤棋譜的殘局上方看到歷史情境、世事權變、人生哲理，尤其是對於帶團隊、做決策的領導者來說，還能讀到至關重要的對待人生棋局與管理修養的認識。</p> <p>　　作者以別開生面的方式導讀《資治通鑒》，為我們揭示自“三家分晉”到“開天治亂”之間的一系列帝王將相的興亡軌跡：智伯的覆亡和魏文侯的崛起，吳起的悲劇和商鞅的命運，呂不韋的成功投機和秦始皇的千古功過，劉邦的用人本事與項羽的逃避責任，漢武帝的原則與權變和霍光的機敏與膨脹，王莽的苦心經營與灰飛煙滅、劉秀的大事精明與小事厚道，曹操的審時度勢與驕傲輕敵、劉備的仁厚堅忍與借力發力、孫權的識人善任與改過遷善，曹丕的格局狹小、司馬氏的接班人問題，楊隋的得失天下、李淵與李密的得失人心，唐太宗對自我權力的約束、唐玄宗對自我約束的懈怠。如此林林總總，各路帝王將相的風雲際遇各不相同，自有其性格命運起了很大作用，在時勢動蕩的情勢下，終致家國興衰、民生休戚，上演了一齣出跌宕起伏、意味深長的歷史悲喜劇。</p> <p>　　所謂“資治”，歷史有資于治道者，不唯是可以治國平天下，更可以從中讀出修身齊家、治冶人生的味道。《資治通鑒與家國興衰》一書在《資治通鑒》提供的豐富史料之上，以人物際遇為軸，條分縷析，縱論古今，從歷史人物身上提煉更深的智慧。古人有雲：讀史使人明智。從人生棋局的角度來讀古人之史書、讀古人之史事，更使今人學會將歷史人物的經驗教訓化為己用，啟迪智慧，有資于自己的事業管理與人生管理，可謂善莫大焉。</p> <p>　　作者從治國修身、人生格局的獨到角度，指點江山，笑談風雲，起承轉合，娓娓道來，為我們輕鬆而又深刻地導讀了一遍有資于當代人的《資治通鑒》。</p></div> <p class="editor">[責任編輯：楊真斌]</p> </div> <div class="page"> <script type="text/javascript"> createPageHTML(1, 0, "t20161206_11644278", "htm"); 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