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//]]></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/afpmm.alicdn.com/g/mm/afp-cdn/JS/k.js@OldUrl;@JS;http://culture.taiwan.cn/lawhsx/201612/t20161208_11646752.htm_.js"></script>  </div>  <div id="tw_artmain"> <div class="tw_place"><a href="http://103.249.53.35/" target="_self">台灣網</a> > <a href="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/culture.taiwan.cn/" target="_self" title="兩岸文化" class="CurrChnlCls">兩岸文化</a> > <a href="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/culture.taiwan.cn/lawhsx/" target="_self" title="書訊" class="CurrChnlCls">書訊</a></div> <h1 class="art_tit">評：別把二十四節氣當成古董擺設</h1> <div class="art_time">2016年12月08日 08:29:02 來源：解放日報 <div class="art_font"><div style="float:left;margin-top:-6px;">  <div class="bdsharebuttonbox"><a href="#" class="bds_more" data-cmd="more"></a><a href="#" class="bds_qzone" data-cmd="qzone" title="分享到QQ空間"></a><a href="#" class="bds_tsina" data-cmd="tsina" title="分享到新浪微博"></a><a href="#" class="bds_tqq" data-cmd="tqq" title="分享到騰訊微博"></a><a href="#" class="bds_renren" data-cmd="renren" title="分享到人人網"></a><a href="#" class="bds_weixin" data-cmd="weixin" title="分享到微信"></a></div> <script>window._bd_share_config={"common":{"bdSnsKey":{},"bdText":"","bdMini":"2","bdMiniList":false,"bdPic":"","bdStyle":"0","bdSize":"16"},"share":{}};with(document)0[(getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||body).appendChild(createElement('script')).src='http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/bdimg.share.baidu.com/static/api/js/share.js?v=89860593.js?cdnversion='+~(-new Date()/36e5)];</script>  </div><div style="float:left;"><a href="javascript:window.print();"><img src="http://ats.taiwan.cn/images/jingmao_34.gif" align="top" /></a>字號：<a href="javascript:void(0);" class="smallFont">小</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="medFont">中</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="largeFont">大</a></div></div> </div> <div class="art_con left"> <div class="art_txt fontsizebox"> <div class=TRS_Editor><p><strong>　　原標題：別把二十四節氣當成古董擺設</strong></p> <p>　　日前，中國二十四節氣被正式列入聯合國教科文組織人類非物質文化遺產名錄。二十四節氣究竟是怎麼回事，細想起來並不簡單。</p> <p>　　一般認為，二十四節氣產生於春秋。其實，它有著更悠久的傳承。《尚書·堯典》　中有“日中”“日永”“宵中”“日短”的敘述，它們相當於後來的春分、夏至、秋分、冬至。《周禮》記載“冬夏致日，春秋致月，以辨四時之敘”“冬日至，于地上之圜丘奏之……夏日至，于澤中之方丘奏之”。這說明，西周時期已經有了二分二至日的觀測。</p> <p>　　春秋戰國時期，八節得以確立。戰國後期的《呂氏春秋》中進一步出現了日夜分、夏至、冬至、立春、立夏、立秋、立冬等稱呼。其中，除了日夜分指代春分和秋分兩個節氣，其他叫法已經跟後來完全一致。此外，還出現了“始雨水”“小暑至”“霜始降”等準節氣稱呼。到秦漢年間，二十四節氣完全確立。《淮南子》中已有完備的名稱，漢武帝時制定的《太初歷》正式把二十四節氣編入曆法。</p> <p>　　二十四節氣的劃分，充分考慮了季節、氣候、物候等自然現象的變化，並綜合了天象、氣象與物象。從命名可以看出，立春、立夏、立秋、立冬反映了四季的開始，並與春分、夏至、秋分、冬至配合表示寒來暑往的季節變化；小暑、大暑、處暑、小寒、大寒提示著溫度變化；雨水、穀雨、白露、寒露、霜降、小雪、大雪則通過水的形態，反映不同的氣溫與降水量；驚蟄、清明、小滿、芒種以鮮明的物候提示農事。</p> <p>　　上海地區流行過一句俗語：白露赤膊當豬玀。它說的是，白露節氣到了，白天也開始涼了，繼續光著膀子會影響健康。又如，“芒種芒種，樣樣好種”，提示農民抓緊時機投入農事。</p> <p>　　總的來看，節氣具有勸農籍田、敬授農時、測天佔候的意義。但也有一些“預測”，並非完全準確。例如，氣象部門的粗略統計顯示：“乾淨冬至邋遢年、邋遢冬至乾淨年”的準確率大約為50%。</p> <p>　　尤其是隨著“地球變暖”以及越來越多的人工干預等因素，節氣變化與實際的季節變遷存在誤差。既然不是非常準確，那麼二十四節氣豈不是只能當作擺設的古董了？答案當然是否定的。</p> <p>　　二十四節氣是我國古代曆法的獨特創造，是中國人的生存智慧和生活哲學。今天，它依然是維護社會生活秩序的重要依據，並內在激勵著民族精神。例如，“一年之計在於春”，督促我們順應天時、勤奮有為；“春生夏長秋收冬藏”，提示我們認知和尊重生命節律；“大雁南飛、春燕歸巢”，發酵著海外遊子對祖國的情思。</p> <p>　　同時，無論科技如何發達，人們仍然無法完全脫離“靠天吃飯”。而有“節氣指南”，農業的品質和豐收就更有保證。作物“不違農時”更受市場歡迎，務農者的收益乃至家庭幸福也就更有保障。</p> <p>　　還要看到，節氣是中華民族眾多節俗的依存。中華民俗與節氣相依相融，立春對應春節、驚蟄與“龍抬頭”、春分和社日、夏至跟端午節、秋分與中秋節等都有著直接的內在關係；　而立春、清明、立夏、冬至等，早已形成豐富多彩的民俗傳習，成為東亞乃至東南亞各民族的文化與感情紐帶。</p> <p>　　發人深省的是，作為同一個詞語的節氣，還被喻為堅持正義，在敵人或壓力面前不屈服的品質。“甘守清貧，造福人民”，是方志敏等革命志士的高尚操守；“朝聞道，夕死可矣”，是追求真理正義者的道德價值觀；“為人民服務”乃至“鞠躬盡瘁，死而後已”，是我們共產黨人的宗旨；“英雄生死路，卻是壯遊時”，是對長征等革命征途行進者的形象素描。</p> <p>　　可見，中華民族的節氣是信仰和信念的傳承。順應節氣、堅守氣節，我們就能生生不息、弱而復強。故“士之可貴者在節氣，不在才智”。（梁勇）</p></div> <p class="editor">[責任編輯：楊真斌]</p> </div> <div class="page"> <script type="text/javascript"> createPageHTML(1, 0, "t20161208_11646752", "htm"); 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