銆婅嚜縐佺殑鍩哄洜銆��涓��釜鐢熺墿瀛﹀搸鐨��縐戝夠灝忚榘"浜夎𠄘浜��0騫��/title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile"> <meta name="keywords" content="閬撻噾鏂��妯〃洜,鐢熺墿瀛﹀搸,璐濇牸灝斿彿,Youtube"> <meta name="description" content="<P>銆��鍦ㄤ笂涓栫邯60騫翠唬錛岀墰媧ュぇ瀛﹀彧鏈変竴鍙拌𣾷綆楁満錛屸��搴炲ぇ寰楄佂婊′簡鏁翠釜澶ф埧闂粹��錛岄亾閲戞柉寮��糍瀛︿範鐢ㄨ𣾷綆楁満緙栫▼鏉ュ府鍔╄嚜宸辯殑鐮旂┒銆傞亾閲戞柉鍑鴻韓璐墊棌瀹跺涵錛岃嚜韜琗甫鐫��吹鏃忚寖鍎匡紝浣嗘槸鍦ㄥ崘鏈样穃鍩燂紝浠栫‘瀹炲ソ鏂椼��</P>" /> <meta name="filetype" content="0"> <meta name="publishedtype" content="1"> <meta name="pagetype" content="1"> <meta name="catalogs" content="52296"> <meta name="contentid" content="11670370"> <meta name="publishdate" content="2017-01-05 08:30:44" /> <meta name="author" content="鏉ㄧ湡鏂��> <meta name="source" content="鍖椾含鏅氭姤"> <link href="http://103.249.53.35/images/main201510.css" rel="stylesheet" /> <link href="http://103.249.53.35/images/article201511.css" rel="stylesheet" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://103.249.53.35/images/jquery-1.4.2.min.js@OldUrl;@JS;http://culture.taiwan.cn/lawhsx/201701/t20170105_11670370.htm_.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://103.249.53.35/images/fontsize_global_new_2015.js@OldUrl;@JS;http://culture.taiwan.cn/lawhsx/201701/t20170105_11670370.htm_.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ats.taiwan.cn/images/trs_rollpage.js@OldUrl;@JS;http://culture.taiwan.cn/lawhsx/201701/t20170105_11670370.htm_.js"></script>  </head> <body>  <div id="tw_top"> <div class="tw_topbox"> <a class="tw_arrow_s" href="http://103.249.53.35/"><img src="http://103.249.53.35/images/tw_arrow_20160108.png" /></a> <div class="logo_s"><img src="http://103.249.53.35/images/logo_s.jpg" /></div> <div class="tw_date left"><script type="text/javascript" src="http://ats.taiwan.cn/images/clock_time.js@OldUrl;@JS;http://culture.taiwan.cn/lawhsx/201701/t20170105_11670370.htm_.js"></script></div> <div class="tw_languge right"><span></span><a href="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/big5.taiwan.cn/" target="_blank">綣佷綋</a><span>|</span><a href="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/eng.taiwan.cn/" target="_blank">English</a></div> </div> </div>   <div id="tw_head"> <a href="http://103.249.53.35/"><img src="http://103.249.53.35/images/tw_logo_2015.gif" width="180" height="60" class="tw_logo_img left" /></a> <div class="tw_hdad right"><a href="http://y.taiwan.cn/" target="_blank"><img src="http://103.249.53.35/hp2015/ytlsbannerq/201512/W020160913386111201880.jpg" title="ad9_210*60" alt="ad9_210*60" /></a></div> <form id="baiduSearchContainer" class="input-group" target="_blank"><input class="tw_search_text" id="bdcsMain" type="text" /><span class="input-group-btn "><input class="tb_search_btn" type="submit" value="" title="鎼滅儲" /></span></form> <div class="tw_key"><strong>鍏抽敭璇嶏細</strong><div id="bdcs-rec"></div></div> </div> <div id="tw_nav"> <ul> <li><a target="_blank" href="http://103.249.53.35/">棣栭〉</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="http://103.249.53.35/xwzx/">鏂伴椈</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="http://103.249.53.35/plzhx/">璇勮撐</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="http://103.249.53.35/taiwan/">鍙版咕</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/v.taiwan.cn/">瑙嗛𥐯</a></li>  <li><a target="_blank" href="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/econ.taiwan.cn/">緇忚錘</a></li>  <li><a target="_blank" href="http://103.249.53.35/local/">鍦版柟</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/travel.taiwan.cn/">鏃呮父</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="http://103.249.53.35/tp/">鍥劇墖</a></li>   <li><a target="_blank" href="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/culture.taiwan.cn/">文化</a></li>  <li><a target="_blank" href="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/agri.taiwan.cn/">農業</a></li>  <li><a target="_blank" href="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/pic.taiwan.cn/">圖庫</a></li> </ul> </div>   <div id="tw_mainad">   <script type="text/javascript">//<![CDATA[ ac_as_id = "mm_114896513_13668621_57662842";ac_format = 1;ac_mode = 1;ac_group_id = 1;ac_server_base_url = "afpeng.alimama.com/"; //]]></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/afpmm.alicdn.com/g/mm/afp-cdn/JS/k.js@OldUrl;@JS;http://culture.taiwan.cn/lawhsx/201701/t20170105_11670370.htm_.js"></script>  </div>  <div id="tw_artmain"> <div class="tw_place"><a href="http://103.249.53.35/" target="_self">台灣網</a> > <a href="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/culture.taiwan.cn/" target="_self" title="兩岸文化" class="CurrChnlCls">兩岸文化</a> > <a href="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/culture.taiwan.cn/lawhsx/" target="_self" title="書訊" class="CurrChnlCls">書訊</a></div> <h1 class="art_tit">《自私的基因》:一個生物學家的"科幻小說"爭議了40年</h1> <div class="art_time">2017年01月05日 08:30:44 來源：北京晚報 <div class="art_font"><div style="float:left;margin-top:-6px;">  <div class="bdsharebuttonbox"><a href="#" class="bds_more" data-cmd="more"></a><a href="#" class="bds_qzone" data-cmd="qzone" title="分享到QQ空間"></a><a href="#" class="bds_tsina" data-cmd="tsina" title="分享到新浪微博"></a><a href="#" class="bds_tqq" data-cmd="tqq" title="分享到騰訊微博"></a><a href="#" class="bds_renren" data-cmd="renren" title="分享到人人網"></a><a href="#" class="bds_weixin" data-cmd="weixin" title="分享到微信"></a></div> <script>window._bd_share_config={"common":{"bdSnsKey":{},"bdText":"","bdMini":"2","bdMiniList":false,"bdPic":"","bdStyle":"0","bdSize":"16"},"share":{}};with(document)0[(getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||body).appendChild(createElement('script')).src='http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/bdimg.share.baidu.com/static/api/js/share.js?v=89860593.js?cdnversion='+~(-new Date()/36e5)];</script>  </div><div style="float:left;"><a href="javascript:window.print();"><img src="http://ats.taiwan.cn/images/jingmao_34.gif" align="top" /></a>字號：<a href="javascript:void(0);" class="smallFont">小</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="medFont">中</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="largeFont">大</a></div></div> </div> <div class="art_con left"> <div class="art_txt fontsizebox"> <div class=TRS_Editor><p>　　原標題：好鬥的基因</p> <p align="center"><img alt="" src="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/culture.taiwan.cn/lawhsx/201701/W020170105304871354956.jpg" oldsrc="W020170105304871354956.jpg" /></p> <p align="center" class="pictext">　　道金斯</p> <p>　　■沈灃</p> <p>　　“讀者請將本書當做科幻小說來閱讀。”40年前，英國生物學家理查德·道金斯開始寫作《自私的基因》，這句話做了開頭。當時英國礦工工會罷工，導致牛津大學的實驗室頻繁停電，他只能暫停對蟋蟀的研究，寫書自娛。時年35歲的他沒有預料到，這本書將給他帶來大名氣以及同樣大的麻煩。</p> <p>　　道金斯有些後悔，書名中用上了“自私”這個字眼。在最初完成三四章之後，理查德·道金斯曾經拿書稿給一位倫敦出版商過目。那位出版商建議改一下題目——“自私的”這個詞有些負能量，可以換成“不朽的”。</p> <p>　　批評者正是抓住這個字眼不放，認為道金斯在為人類的自私行為張目。他自辯，這只是用來描述基因，而非人心。</p> <p>　　道金斯失算的還有一點，就是《自私的基因》遠超生物學領域的影響。比如對網際網路文化。他寫成此書時，推特、蘋果手機、WiFi、暴走漫畫和電腦病毒尚未出現。在該書最後一章，道金斯發明瞭一個新詞——“Meme”。中文對這個詞的翻譯五花八門，有米姆、模因、謎因、謎米……這個詞甚至被收入了《牛津英語詞典》，被定義為：“文化的基本單位，通過非遺傳的方式，特別是模倣而得到傳遞。”如今“Meme”一詞與資訊的無限複製和病毒式傳播聯繫在一起，已經成為研究網際網路文化現象的一門新學科。</p> <p>　　在上世紀60年代，牛津大學只有一台電腦，“龐大得裝滿了整個大房間”，道金斯開始學習用電腦編程來幫助自己的研究。在其著作中，更是把DNA比喻為一種“電腦語言”。網際網路行業亦是對道金斯最接受的族群，比爾·蓋茨就是道金斯的書迷。“很少有書在寫了40年之後還值得人去讀，只有少數的經典，像費曼的物理學或是理查德·道金斯的那些書。”網際網路新貴們總是喜歡使用基因這個字眼來闡釋自己的數字化之道，又往往對生命科學倍加關注。比爾·蓋茨在自己的讀書部落格上最新推薦的一本書，是印度裔作家悉達多·穆克吉的《基因：一部隱秘的歷史》。</p> <p>　　40年的時間裏，道金斯被列作了“新無神論四騎士”之一。10年前寫出的《上帝的錯覺》更是讓自己陷入更大的輿論旋渦，被神學家們稱為“魔鬼代言人”。2013年在《辛普森動畫》中的一集中，理查德·道金斯被刻畫成了地獄裏戴著眼鏡梳著中分煲人肉湯的紅皮膚惡魔。</p> <p>　　40年的時間裏，理查德·道金斯完成了12部著作，大多是話題之作；在BBC的科普紀錄片和脫口秀節目中成為公眾學術明星；大堡礁裏有一種魚被命名為道金斯魚；由微軟起家、登上過太空的億萬富翁查爾斯·西蒙尼的資助，其在牛津大學開設“西蒙尼大講堂”，成為牛津的“公眾科普教授”，將斯蒂芬·平克、賈雷德·戴蒙德等一幹信奉進化論的中堅學者引為同道。</p> <p>　　道金斯出身貴族家庭，自身帶著貴族范兒，但是在學術領域，他確實好鬥。正如當年一位老師鼓勵道金斯所說的，要學會“活得危險一些”他不依不饒地和反對者們展開論戰，言辭犀利，堪稱學術大嘴。他拍攝視頻，定期朗讀那些攻擊他的郵件，然後上傳到Youtube上。“達爾文的鬥犬”的綽號當屬實至名歸。</p> <p>　　理查德·道金斯在《盲人鐘錶匠》中感慨道：達爾文學說的麻煩在於，人人都自以為懂。40年後，他完成了個人的一部自傳，為自己辯護。道金斯在自傳中說自己很討厭“單純”這個詞，但直至達爾文走下貝格爾號180年後的今天，進化論也從未被單純地僅僅放在生物學領域裏去談論。科學之辯仍舊需要科學研究者好鬥下去。</p></div> <p class="editor">[責任編輯：楊真斌]</p> </div> <div class="page"> <script type="text/javascript"> createPageHTML(1, 0, "t20170105_11670370", "htm"); </script> </div> <div class="art_xg"> <div class="art_xgtit">相關內容</div> <ul class="art_list_1"> <li><a href="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/culture.taiwan.cn/lawhsx/201701/t20170105_11670344.htm" title="由內而外的教養：自己成龍才能望女成鳳" target="_blank">由內而外的教養：自己成龍才能望女成鳳</a><span>2017.01.05</span></li> <li><a href="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/culture.taiwan.cn/lawhsx/201701/t20170105_11670339.htm" title="隱藏在購買背後的感官秘密" target="_blank">隱藏在購買背後的感官秘密</a><span>2017.01.05</span></li> <li><a href="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/culture.taiwan.cn/lawhsx/201701/t20170105_11670337.htm" title="是時候讓經濟學回歸現實了" target="_blank">是時候讓經濟學回歸現實了</a><span>2017.01.05</span></li> <li><a href="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/culture.taiwan.cn/lawhsx/201701/t20170105_11670318.htm" title="《走在有光的路上》" target="_blank">《走在有光的路上》</a><span>2017.01.05</span></li> </ul> </div>  <div class="art_ad">  <script type="text/javascript">//<![CDATA[ ac_as_id = "mm_114896513_13668621_54552778"; ac_format = 1; ac_mode = 1; ac_group_id = 1; ac_server_base_url = "afpeng.alimama.com/"; //]]></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/afpmm.alicdn.com/g/mm/afp-cdn/JS/k.js@OldUrl;@JS;http://culture.taiwan.cn/lawhsx/201701/t20170105_11670370.htm_.js"></script> </div>   <div id="commentsMod">   <div id="cyEmoji" role="cylabs" data-use="emoji"></div> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/culture.taiwan.cn/images/commentsMod_20141118_wh.js@OldUrl;@JS;http://culture.taiwan.cn/lawhsx/201701/t20170105_11670370.htm_.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> commentsModWh(); </script>  </div>   <div class="art_ad" style="padding-left:15px;">  <script type="text/javascript">//<![CDATA[ ac_as_id = "mm_114896513_13668621_58218230";ac_format = 1;ac_mode = 1;ac_group_id = 1;ac_server_base_url = "afpeng.alimama.com/"; //]]></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/afpmm.alicdn.com/g/mm/afp-cdn/JS/k.js@OldUrl;@JS;http://culture.taiwan.cn/lawhsx/201701/t20170105_11670370.htm_.js"></script> </div>      <div class="art_ad">  <script language='javascript' type='text/javascript' src='http://twcn.adsame.com/s?z=twcn&c=92@OldUrl;@JS;http://culture.taiwan.cn/lawhsx/201701/t20170105_11670370.htm_.js'></script>  </div>   <div class="art_ad">  <script type="text/javascript">//<![CDATA[ ac_as_id = "mm_114896513_13668621_54552779"; ac_format = 1; ac_mode = 1; ac_group_id = 1; ac_server_base_url = "afpeng.alimama.com/"; //]]></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/afpmm.alicdn.com/g/mm/afp-cdn/JS/k.js@OldUrl;@JS;http://culture.taiwan.cn/lawhsx/201701/t20170105_11670370.htm_.js"></script> </div>  </div>  <div class="art_aside right">  <div class="art_ad02">  <script> var mediav_ad_pub = 'jDKZoe_1330577'; var mediav_ad_width = '300'; var mediav_ad_height = '250'; if(navigator.userAgent.indexOf('Windows NT 5.1')>-1){document.write('\<script type="text/javascript" language="javascript" charset="utf-8" src="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/static.mediav.com/js/mvf_g2.js">\<\/script>');} else{document.write('\<script type="text/javascript" language="javascript" charset="utf-8" src="https://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/static-ssl.mediav.com/js/mvf_g2.js">\<\/script>');} </script> </div>     <div class="art_ad02" style="margin-top:10px;">  <script type="text/javascript">//<![CDATA[ ac_as_id = "mm_114896513_13668621_54544779";ac_format = 1;ac_mode = 1;ac_group_id = 1;ac_server_base_url = "afpeng.alimama.com/"; //]]></script><script type="text/javascript" src="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/afpmm.alicdn.com/g/mm/afp-cdn/JS/k.js@OldUrl;@JS;http://culture.taiwan.cn/lawhsx/201701/t20170105_11670370.htm_.js"></script> </div>   <div class="art_ad02" style="margin-top:10px;">  <script type="text/javascript">//<![CDATA[ ac_as_id = "mm_114896513_13668621_57760613";ac_format = 1;ac_mode = 1;ac_group_id = 1;ac_server_base_url = "afpeng.alimama.com/"; //]]></script><script type="text/javascript" src="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/afpmm.alicdn.com/g/mm/afp-cdn/JS/k.js@OldUrl;@JS;http://culture.taiwan.cn/lawhsx/201701/t20170105_11670370.htm_.js"></script> </div>   <div class="art_ad03">  <script language='javascript' type='text/javascript' src='http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/culture.taiwan.cn/lawhsx/images/s?z=twcn&c=87@OldUrl;@JS;http://culture.taiwan.cn/lawhsx/201701/t20170105_11670370.htm_.js'></script>  </div>       <div class="art_ad02" style="margin-top:10px;">  <script language='javascript' type='text/javascript' src='http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/culture.taiwan.cn/lawhsx/images/s?z=twcn&c=88@OldUrl;@JS;http://culture.taiwan.cn/lawhsx/201701/t20170105_11670370.htm_.js'></script>  </div>   <div class="art_ad02" style="margin-top:10px;">  <script language='javascript' type='text/javascript' src='http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/culture.taiwan.cn/lawhsx/images/s?z=twcn&c=89@OldUrl;@JS;http://culture.taiwan.cn/lawhsx/201701/t20170105_11670370.htm_.js'></script>  </div>  </div>  </div>  <div id="art_mainad">  <script language='javascript' type='text/javascript' src='http://twcn.adsame.com/s?z=twcn&c=94@OldUrl;@JS;http://culture.taiwan.cn/lawhsx/201701/t20170105_11670370.htm_.js'></script>  </div>   <div id="tw_footer"> <div style="background:#e3e3e3; padding:10px 0px;"> <div class="tw_footerbox"> <div class="right tw_bottom_info"> <div class="tw_bottom_ba"><span><img src="http://103.249.53.35/images/gongshang_logos.gif" style="vertical-align:middle;" /> 京ICP證130248號京公網安備110102003391</span><span>網路傳播視聽節目許可證0107219號</span> </div> <div class="tw_bottom_about tw_dnmiddle begin"><span><a href="http://103.249.53.35/gywm/200905/t20090505_886770.htm" target="_blank">關於我們</a></span>|<span><a href="http://103.249.53.35/aboutus/" target="_blank">本網動態</a></span>|<span><a href="http://103.249.53.35/zzsq/200708/t20070803_438962.htm" target="_blank">轉載申請</a></span>|<span><a href="mailto:cntw@taiwan.cn" target="_blank">投稿郵箱</a></span>|<span><a href="http://103.249.53.35/lx/200709/t20070905_449642.htm" target="_blank">聯繫我們</a></span>|<span>版權申明</span>|<span><a href="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/www.yuecheng.com/" target="_blank">法律顧問</a></span>|<span class="tw_b_jb">違法和不良資訊舉報電話：86-10-53610172 iwilljubao@126.com</span></div> </div> </div></div> </div>  <div style="display:none;"> <script type="text/javascript">(function(){document.write(unescape('%3Cdiv id="bdcs"%3E%3C/div%3E'));var bdcs = document.createElement('script');bdcs.type = 'text/javascript';bdcs.async = true;bdcs.src = 'http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/znsv.baidu.com/customer_search/api/js?sid=12472666198958497854' + '&plate_url=' + encodeURIComponent(window.location.href) + '&t=' + Math.ceil(new Date()/3600000);var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];s.parentNode.insertBefore(bdcs, s);})();</script> </div>  <div style="display:none"> <script type="text/javascript">document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='http://cl2.webterren.com/webdig.js?z=12' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));</script><script type="text/javascript">wd_paramtracker("_wdxid=000000000000000000000000000000000000000000")</script> <script type="text/javascript"> var _bdhmProtocol = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? " https://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/" : " http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/"); document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + _bdhmProtocol + "hm.baidu.com/h.js%3F8ca9d4832677566b69c3e115b744cdbc' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E")); </script> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-37204618-1']); _gaq.push(['_setDomainName', 'taiwan.cn']); _gaq.push(['_setAllowLinker', true]); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/ssl' : 'http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/tajs.qq.com/stats?sId=36375802@OldUrl;@JS;http://culture.taiwan.cn/lawhsx/201701/t20170105_11670370.htm_.js" charset="UTF-8"></script> <!--頻道頁腳+統計代碼