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//]]></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/afpmm.alicdn.com/g/mm/afp-cdn/JS/k.js@OldUrl;@JS;http://culture.taiwan.cn/spot/201612/t20161207_11646539.htm_.js"></script>  </div>  <div id="tw_artmain"> <div class="tw_place"><a href="http://103.249.53.35/" target="_self">台灣網</a> > <a href="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/culture.taiwan.cn/" target="_self" title="兩岸文化" class="CurrChnlCls">兩岸文化</a> > <a href="http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/culture.taiwan.cn/spot/" target="_self" title="資訊" class="CurrChnlCls">資訊</a></div> <h1 class="art_tit">晚清抗法保臺湘軍將領孫開華：我以我血護寶島</h1> <div class="art_time">2016年12月07日 15:58:58 來源：新華網 <div class="art_font"><div style="float:left;margin-top:-6px;">  <div class="bdsharebuttonbox"><a href="#" class="bds_more" data-cmd="more"></a><a href="#" class="bds_qzone" data-cmd="qzone" title="分享到QQ空間"></a><a href="#" class="bds_tsina" data-cmd="tsina" title="分享到新浪微博"></a><a href="#" class="bds_tqq" data-cmd="tqq" title="分享到騰訊微博"></a><a href="#" class="bds_renren" data-cmd="renren" title="分享到人人網"></a><a href="#" class="bds_weixin" data-cmd="weixin" title="分享到微信"></a></div> <script>window._bd_share_config={"common":{"bdSnsKey":{},"bdText":"","bdMini":"2","bdMiniList":false,"bdPic":"","bdStyle":"0","bdSize":"16"},"share":{}};with(document)0[(getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||body).appendChild(createElement('script')).src='http://103.249.53.35/gate/big5/bdimg.share.baidu.com/static/api/js/share.js?v=89860593.js?cdnversion='+~(-new Date()/36e5)];</script>  </div><div style="float:left;"><a href="javascript:window.print();"><img src="http://ats.taiwan.cn/images/jingmao_34.gif" align="top" /></a>字號：<a href="javascript:void(0);" class="smallFont">小</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="medFont">中</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="largeFont">大</a></div></div> </div> <div class="art_con left"> <div class="art_txt fontsizebox"> <div class=TRS_Editor><p>　　新華社長沙12月7日電(記者明星)長江支流澧水河從湖南省慈利縣零陽鎮石馬村流過，66歲的覃常盛老人每天都在“將軍渡”碼頭附近釣魚，岸邊一排房子中就有她的家。而這裡，曾經是一位抗法保臺湘軍將領的故居。</p> <p>　　這名將軍就是晚清中法戰爭時，駐守臺灣淡水，大敗法國侵略軍的湘軍將領孫開華。“淡水唱，淡水歡，孫九大人坐臺灣。法寇見他喪了膽，夾起尾巴一溜煙……”這是曾在臺灣廣為流行的一首民謠，以紀念當年孫開華抗法之功，並有“臺灣不可一日無孫”之說。</p> <p>　　為紀念這位民族英雄和淡水大捷，臺灣淡水民眾每年都會舉行紀念活動。慈利縣文物局局長孫凱介紹，《清史稿》記載了孫開華的英勇。這次戰役對臺灣後來的歷史產生了深遠的影響。</p> <p>　　據史料記載，孫開華大約在1840年出生於慈利縣，1856年加入湘軍，轉戰江西、湖北、安徽、江蘇、廣東諸省間，作戰驍勇，累立戰功，被清廷賜號“擢勇巴圖魯”，官至提督。1893年，孫開華卒于任上。光緒皇帝曾著文祭奠，有《祭孫提督文》碑。</p> <p>　　記者探訪發現，孫開華在慈利縣的故居有兩處，一處就是覃常盛老人所在的石馬村。覃常盛老人是孫氏家族後人的媳婦，據她介紹，孫開華故居在抗戰期間被日軍焚燬，但此地仍有孫開華妻子甘氏墓碑殘片和曾立有石人石馬的墓地。記者看到，墓地還殘留一個石頭雕刻的半隻烏龜，墓地新立了麻石碑，刻了光緒帝給孫開華寫的祭文。</p> <p>　　另一處故居在慈利縣岩泊渡鎮星明村。此處現存的孫開華故居由建築物孫開華故居及構築物“二十八宿”古水渠兩大部分構成，為湖南省文物保護單位。與記者同行的孫凱介紹，這處故居為孫開華9歲以前所居住，始建於1838年，佔地4890平方米，木柱的基座都是石材雕花的，目前大多數房子已被毀，但練功房、廚房等建築依然保留，建築工藝精湛，練功房的窗欞上還刻有《醉翁亭記》。</p> <p>　　孫開華家族後裔、媒體人孫健曾多次尋訪這位民族英雄的故事。孫健向記者介紹，現在可資搜尋的與孫開華有關的實物，只有被後人視作傳家寶的兩件物品：一件是繡有“還我河山”字樣的繡品，這是孫開華在臺灣抗擊法軍時用以激勵將士的；一件是“福”字金匾，是孫開華抗法保臺取得勝利後，進京覲見光緒皇帝，光緒御賜此匾以示嘉獎，金匾上有“光緒十年十二月二十八”“幫辦臺灣軍務福建陸路提督臣孫開華”字樣。</p> <p>　　孫健說，這兩樣傳家寶是孫開華抗法保臺事跡的見證，現保存在湖南長沙的孫家後人手中。</p> <p>　　湖南文理學院教授周星林介紹，孫開華先後兩次參與了晚清“臺海危機”。一次是1874年，日本藉口琉球人在臺灣遇難，派兵3000人進駐臺南，企圖長期佔領臺灣，清廷一面派欽差大臣沈葆楨赴臺全權處理，一面增兵臺灣和廈門以備不測。孫開華奉令率“擢勝營”進駐廈門，最終迫使日本從臺灣撤軍。第二次是“中法戰爭”取得淡水大捷。孫開華奉命率軍駐紮在臺灣淡水備戰。戰事爆發後，孫開華殺入法軍陣中，奪取法軍軍旗。在孫開華的激勵下，清軍奮不顧身，與敵人展開肉搏戰。法軍三面受敵，狂奔敗北，清軍乘勝追擊。這一戰，一艘法艦受到重創，百餘名法兵逃跑時掉入水中被淹死。淡水大捷，使法軍企圖強佔臺灣的計劃化為泡影。</p> <p>　　孫開華去世後，長子孫道元為抵禦日軍侵佔臺灣，1895年與侵略者浴血奮戰，身負重傷，仍不肯撤離，直至戰死疆場。其妻張秀英將一雙兒女託人帶回大陸交蘇州姐姐撫養，自己帶領丈夫余兵，從臺北戰鬥到臺南，最後寡不敵眾，飲彈自盡，奏響了一曲愛臺護臺的壯歌。</p> <p>　　長期研究孫開華軍事思想的周星林表示，孫開華為保衛祖國領土臺灣屢立顯赫功勳，寫下了光輝而不朽的一頁。孫開華所領導的抗擊法軍的淡水之戰，是清代晚期抗擊列強入侵時罕見的取得徹底勝利的戰爭。他創立的“麻雀戰”“遊擊戰”以及“以少勝多，以弱勝強”的戰例，在軍事史上影響很大。</p></div> <p class="editor">[責任編輯：楊永青]</p> </div> <div class="page"> <script type="text/javascript"> createPageHTML(1, 0, "t20161207_11646539", "htm"); 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